Researchers at the American Cancer Society report that older age and smoking are the two most important risk factors associated with a relative and absolute 5-year risk of developing any cancer.
Age and Smoking Linked to Increased Risk of Cancer
Age and Smoking this study shows that, in addition to age and smoking history, physicians should consider excess body fatness, family history of any cancer, and several other factors, such as physical activity, diet, and alcohol use, when determining if a patient may benefit from enhanced cancer screening or prevention interventions.
Age and Smoking Cancer is the leading cause of death in the U.S. and worldwide. It’s important to remember that smoking is the primary risk factor for developing cancer.
To find out more about this study, read the abstract here. Researchers analyzed data from two American Cancer Society prospective cohort studies to identify risk factors associated with greater than two percent absolute risk of any cancer within five years.
The researchers studied over 400,000 Americans without prior cancer diagnoses and followed them for five years.
A Cox proportional hazards model was used to estimate HR and 95% confidence intervals for the association.
To create an individualized Coherent Absolute Risk Estimate, we used these HRs, which were derived from several studies, including a Canadian study that assessed the health outcomes
Participants who had been enrolled in the study for at least five years had 15,226 invasive cancers, on average.
The multivariable-adjusted relative risk of any cancer was most significant among those who currently smoked compared with former or never smokers.
Alcohol intake, family history of cancer, and physical inactivity are all associated with an increased risk of prostate cancer. Red meat consumption was not associated with the risk of prostate cancer in men.
In women, Body Mass Index (BMI), Type 2 Diabetes, Hysterectomy, Parity, Family History of Cancer, Hypertension, Tubal Ligation, and Physical Inactivity are associated with the risk
Absolute five-year risk of developing lung cancer exceeded 2% for nearly all persons 50 years old or older, with risk increasing with age.
Risk was also higher for former smokers and for current smokers with less than 30 years since quitting.
The absolute five-year risk was as high as 30% in men and 26% in women.
As we consider the possibility that future tests may be able to identify several types of cancer, we need to begin understanding who is most at risk for developing any type of cancer,” says Patel.
This information is not widely available, but necessary to inform future screening options, such as blood-based multi-cancer early detection tests that could help save lives.
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