Eczema is a skin disorder that causes itchy, scaly, and inflamed patches on the skin. It is a common condition, with over 30 million Americans affected by some eczema.
Eczema can occur at any age but is most commonly seen in children and young adults.
- The exact cause of eczema is unknown, but it is believed to be linked to a combination of genetic and environmental triggers.
- These triggers can vary from person to person and may include stress, certain fabrics or materials, harsh soaps, detergents and solvents, extreme temperatures, humidity levels, pollen, or other airborne allergens.
In addition, certain foods may also trigger flare-ups in some individuals with eczema. Typical food allergy triggers include dairy products, eggs, peanuts and tree nuts.
Eczema can also be related to dysfunction within the body’s immune system, which results in an abnormal response when exposed to irritants or allergens.
This abnormal immune response leads to itchiness and inflammation and the formation of red bumps, often topped with crusty scales.
Eczema: What Is It – Symptoms, Causes Types, Diagnosed & Treatment
1. A Combination Of Genetic And Environmental Factors:Â
As mentioned earlier, the exact cause of eczema is still unknown. It is believed to be a combination of both genetic and environmental triggers.
2. Dysfunction Within The Immune System:Â
Researchers believe that for some individuals, eczema may be related to dysfunction within the body’s immune system, which causes an abnormal response when exposed to irritants or allergens.
3. Allergies:Â
Certain foods, pollen, and other airborne allergens can trigger flare-ups in people with eczema. Common allergy triggers include dairy products, eggs, peanuts, and tree nuts.
4. Emotional Triggers:Â
Stress levels can also play a role in triggering flare-ups.
Symptoms Of Eczema
- Itchy, scaly, and inflamed patches on the skin
- Red bumps covered in crusty scales
- Swelling and blisters that may ooze when scratched
Types of Eczema
Eczema includes conditions such as:
Atopic Dermatitis
A chronic, itchy skin condition most commonly seen in children.
Contact Dermatitis
A reaction caused by exposure to an irritant or allergen.
Dyshidrotic Eczema
 Characterized by small, itchy blisters on the palms of the hands and soles of the feet.
Nummular Eczema
Characterized by round patches of dry, scaly skin that may be itchy or painful.
Seborrheic Dermatitis
 Characterized by redness and scaling along with a greasy texture to the affected areas.
Diagnosed
Eczema is diagnosed based on a physical examination and taking into consideration the patient’s family history, lifestyle habits, and other factors.
Treatment Of Eczema
How to treat Eczema? There is no cure for eczema, but treatments are available to reduce the symptoms and prevent flare-ups.
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Topical Eczema Medications
Over-the-counter topical corticosteroids or antihistamines to reduce inflammation and itching. These can be applied directly to affected areas to reduce inflammation, itching, and irritation. Examples include corticosteroids, calcineurin inhibitors, and topical immunomodulators.
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Phototherapy
This treatment involves exposing the skin to carefully controlled doses of natural or artificial UV light under medical supervision to reduce inflammation and improve healing time.
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Oral Medications
Occasionally, oral medications such as antihistamines or antibiotics may be prescribed to reduce the itching or treat a bacterial infection.
Preventative Measures
Before starting any treatment for eczema, it is essential to speak with your doctor about the potential side effects and risks. Most topical medications are safe when used as directed but can cause skin irritation or other side effects. Some oral medications may also have serious side effects if taken for an extended period.
It is also essential to take preventative measures to avoid flare-ups from occurring in the first place. Tips include:
- Avoid triggers like stress, certain fabrics or materials, harsh soaps, detergents and solvents, extreme temperatures, humidity levels, pollen, certain foods, and airborne allergens
- Moisturize the affected area often to reduce itching and inflammation
- Use mild soaps and detergents when washing clothes
- Take lukewarm baths instead of hot showers, as extreme temperatures can worsen symptoms
- Wear loose-fitting clothing made from natural fibres like cotton or silk
By understanding the cause and triggers of eczema, it is possible to take steps to minimize flare-ups or even prevent them altogether.Â
With proper treatment, most people with eczema can manage their symptoms and enjoy a healthy life.
FAQs
What Is The Best Treatment For Eczema?
The best treatment for eczema will depend on the severity of your symptoms and what works best for you. Common treatments include topical medications, phototherapy, and oral medications. Speak with your doctor to determine what is right for you.
Are There Any Natural Remedies For Eczema?
Yes, some natural remedies may help reduce the signs of eczema. These include using natural moisturizers like coconut or olive oil, avoiding harsh soaps and detergents, limiting exposure to allergens, and keeping stress levels low. It is essential to speak with your doctor before trying any natural remedy as they can potentially interact with other medications or cause side effects.
What Foods To Avoid If You Have Eczema?
Certain foods have been known to trigger flare-ups in people with eczema. These include dairy products, shellfish, eggs, nuts and seeds, soy, wheat and gluten, processed meats, and artificial sweeteners. Speaking with your doctor or nutritionist about which foods may trigger your symptoms is best.
Can Stress Cause Eczema Flare-ups?
Yes, stress can worsen existing symptoms or even cause new ones. Stress reduction techniques such as yoga, meditation, and deep breathing can help reduce the severity of flare-ups. Getting enough sleep and exercising regularly are also essential to keep stress levels low.
What Vitamins Are Good For Eczema?
Vitamins such as vitamin A, vitamin D, and omega-3 fatty acids have been shown to help reduce the inflammation associated with eczema. Speak with your doctor to determine which vitamins may be beneficial for you.
Can Adults Get Eczema?
Yes, adults can get eczema just like children can. The symptoms of adult-onset eczema are usually milder than those experienced by children but can still cause discomfort. It is essential to speak with your doctor if you have eczema so they can recommend a treatment plan tailored to your needs.
Conclusion:
Eczema is a chronic skin condition like Psoriasis that can cause redness, itching, and inflammation. While there is no cure for eczema, several treatments are available to manage symptoms. It is also essential to take preventative measures like avoiding triggers and often moisturizing to reduce flare-ups. Be sure to work with your doctor to determine your best treatment plan.